Phosphoric acid plant

 Wet process phosphoric acid is used in fertilizer production. In this process, the acid has a much higher purity and is used in the manufacture of high-grade chemicals. Medicines, detergents, food products, beverages and other non-fertilizer products are made from this citric acid. The thermal trend of demand for phosphoric acid has increased by approximately 2.3 to 2.5%. In the wet process, a significant amount of acid is produced. Cold water is produced with high concentrations of phosphorus and fluoride. This extra water in Cooling ponds (used to temporarily store excess precipitation for subsequent evaporation) are collected. Allows recycling of process water to the plant for reuse. Cooling water can be purified to an acceptable level of phosphorus. In the wet process, by the reaction of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with naturally occurring phosphate rock, it is dried, crushed and then continuously fed into the reactor with sulfuric acid. It combines calcium from phosphate rock with sulfate and usually forms calcium sulfate (CaSO4), which is called gypsum. The gypsum is separated from the reaction solution by filtration. Hemihydrate process that produces calcium sulfate with half a molecule of water (CaSO4 ½ H2O). This one-step hemihydrate process has the advantage of producing a phosphoric acid wet process with a This process has a higher P2O5 concentration and less impurities than the hydrate process. Some companies have recently turned to the hemihydrate process. However, since most phosphoric acid is produced in the wet process, it will not be a hemihydrate process. A simple reaction for the hydrate process is as follows:

Ca (1) 3(PO4)2 3H2SO4 6H2O → 2H3PO4 3[CaSO4 2H2O]

In order to make the strongest phosphoric acid and reduce evaporation costs, 93% sulfuric acid is commonly used. Because the appropriate ratio of acid to rock is in the reactor. During the reaction, gypsum crystals precipitate and are separated from the acid by filtration. The separated crystals must be thoroughly washed to obtain at least 99% of the filter. After washing, the slurry gypsum is pumped into a gypsum pool and the water is siphoned and recycled through the phosphoric acid wave cooling pool. Approximately 0.3 hectares of pond area and water ventilation are required per mg. Significant heat is generated in the reactor. In older plants, this heat is cooled by blowing air onto the surface of the hot slurry, then recycling it back into the reactor. Wet process phosphoric acid typically contains 26 to 30% P2O5. In most cases, acid It needs to be more focused to meet the phosphate nutrient profile for fertilizer production. Depending on the fertilizer produced, phosphoric acid is usually concentrated up to 40. The major emissions from wet process acid production include gaseous fluorides, mainly silicon. Tetrafluoride (SiF4) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) Phosphate rock contain 3.5 to 4.0% fluoride. In general, part of the fluoride is precipitated from the rock with gypsum, another part is washed away with a phosphoric acid product, and the remaining part is reactor or steamed. Evaporator The relative amounts of fluoride in filter acid and gypsum depend on the type. The stone and operating conditions of the final disposal of the escaped flora depend on the design and operation of the plant. Scrubbers may be used to control fluorine release. Washing systems used in phosphorus acidic plants include venturi, wet and semi-flow washing machines. Leachate may precipitate fluoride in sedimented ponds. If the pool water is saturated with fluoride, fluorine gas may be released into the atmosphere. The reactor in which the phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid is its main source. Fluoride emissions accompany the air used to cool the reactor slurry. Because air emissions are minimized, cooling has largely replaced the air cooling method. Closed system Evaporation of acid concentration is another source of fluoride emissions. About 20 to 40% of the fluoride in the rock is evaporated in this operation. Thermal process acid production Raw materials are essential for the production of phosphoric acid by the thermal process. Yellow phosphorus, air and water are needed. This process consists of 3 main steps:

(1) Combustion

(2) Hydration

(3) Hydrated

In combustion, liquid phosphorus is burned (oxidized) in ambient air. The combustion chamber is heated to 1650 to 2760 ° C (3000 to 5000 ° F) to form phosphorus. Phosphorus pentoxide is then diluted with H3PO4 or hydrated with water. A strong phosphoric acid liquid is produced. It is done with high pressure drop demistors. The concentration of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) produced by the thermal process is usually from 75 to 85%. This high concentration is required for the production of high-grade chemicals and other items. For non-fertilizer production, efficient plants recover about 99.9% of the basic elements. Phosphorus is burned as phosphoric acid. The main source of emission from the thermal process is H3PO4 dust in the gas from the hydrator flow. The size of acid dust particles is from l.4 to 2.6 micrometers. There is about half of the total P2O5 as liquid phosphoric acid particles. Efficient plants with different control equipment have an economic incentive to control these potential losses. Control equipment commonly used in the phosphoric heat process. Acidic plants include venturi washers, cyclonic separators with mist removers, and fiber wires. Phosphoric acid plants are highly adjustable for processing several types of phosphate rocks and maximizing plant yields.

The post Phosphoric acid plant appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

Continuous purification of phosphoric acid in a microchannel

Solvent extraction is an economically efficient method that is widely used in the purification of wet phosphoric acid. In this method, microchannels are used to promote mixing and purification of phosphoric acid during continuous production. For this purpose, liquid extraction is performed for purification through a mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone / tri-butyl phosphate. In addition, the Box-Behnken experimental design method is used to investigate the liquid extraction process. The effect of various operating parameters such as solvent concentration (45-65 t by weight), temperature (18-28 ° C) and organic / aqueous phase ratio (2: 1-6: 1) with constant flow rate of 70 ml / l is investigated. To take. The microchannel can increase the sulfate extraction and removal percentage by more than 98% and 60% during a stay of 6.85 minutes. Purification of phosphoric acid by minimizing iron, copper, cadmium and fluoride Commercially produced phosphoric acid is purified using a wet process by minimizing iron, cadmium, copper and fluoride. Bentonite clay is known to remove humic acids and suspended solids from crude phosphoric acid. Efforts are made to minimize the amount of iron by adding potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and sodium sulfate separately. Silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate, potassium sulfate, in combination and amyl potassium xanthate are the main targets. The efficiency of potassium amyl xanthate in minimizing iron content is 79.19% with a slight decrease in P 2 O 5. Temperature, stirring time and amount of additives are studied. Minimization of fluoride from phosphoric acid is done using silicon dioxide followed by the addition of sodium carbonate. By adjusting the stoichiometric values, additives and heating temperature, the efficiency of fluoride minimization is 93.89%. Copper and cadmium are also removed.

The post Purification of phosphoric acid appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

3FeO (s) + 6H + (aq) → 3Fe2 + (aq) + 6H2O (l)

If rust is found on metal, does the acid eliminate rust, and if so, what type of acid is used?

Rusting is what happens when you oxidize a metal. For example, Fe 2 O 3 is formed on Fe. (When it comes to iron or steel), acid can dissolve rust. (Fe 2 O 3) causes more oxidation of the metal, more rust formation and rust dissolution. When acid reacts with metal, it tends to dissolve both rust and metal to form iron chloride. However, if you were to use dilute acid carefully, you could dissolve the rust before the metal dissolved. Some acids eliminate rust (oxides), while others cause rust. Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) is an acid that, by converting it (iron oxide III) to a soluble form in water, removes rust. Most other strong acids cause rust. Please note that some deodorants contain hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is very dangerous because it can penetrate your skin, destroy bone and cause a heart attack without even feeling it. Be. If you use any type of rust remover, read the label carefully and always wear goggles, chemical resistant gloves and protective clothing Unspoken Phosphoric Acid.

Rust of steel and phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid is used in many experimental applications and can come into contact with many chemical and petrochemical equipment. Most of these equipments are made of steel alloys that may be damaged due to contact with acid. Corrosion inhibitors can be used to protect steel alloys against various shapes and corrosion environments. Organic inhibitors form well corrosion inhibitors and are widely used. The use of inorganic inhibitors is not as good as organic matter. They are applied in some coatings to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Other alloys can prevent corrosion if the coating is effective. Before coating, rust can be removed using some simple chemical techniques to create an optimal surface. Stainless steel is usually characterized by its ability to resist corrosion in a variety of environments. Unfortunately, stainless steel is not completely stainless, but is more resistant to corrosion. Exposure to high salinity, such as seawater, can destroy its protective layer, which can cause rust or corrosion of stainless steel, the so-called free iron on the surface. This iron Residues can come from a variety of sources, such as tool particle transport, that remain after that and are very sensitive to corrosion if not properly controlled. Any pre-existing surface corrosion can reduce the performance of the coated parts. Even minor rust should be removed before coating. Phosphoric acid is used to do this. Phosphoric acid will dissolve iron oxide without attacking other steel components (chromium). The rust is resolved by the following reaction:

2 𝐻3𝑃𝑂4 + 𝐹𝑒2𝑂3 → 2 𝐹𝑒𝑃𝑂4 + 3𝐻2𝑂

It can be used because of its non-invasive nature. After using phosphoric acid, clean the area. Purification is done by thoroughly washing the parts in ionized water and then returning to the coating. This method is not 100% effective in all forms of iron oxide and other cases. Surface preparation treatment may be necessary.

The post Phosphoric acid and iron oxide appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

H3PO4 (aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq)  H2O (l) + Ca3(PO4)2 (aq)

Chemical mechanisms of the reaction of neutralization of calcium hydroxide by phosphoric acid Calcium phosphate is prepared under a basic reaction between phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide. These phosphates include brucite, tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and oxygenated apatite. Follow-up of the reaction by infrared absorption spectroscopy shows that the alkaline pH of the calcium hydroxide solution causes aerated apatite at the beginning of the reaction. Following the addition of phosphoric acid, the pH becomes increasingly favorable for phase formation. Insertion of molecular oxygen in the apatite tunnel is done using hydrogen peroxide. The amount of molecular oxygen in apatite is then determined by volumetric analysis Unspoken Phosphoric Acid.

Reaction of phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide

To obtain fructose or solid fructose solutions, the starting material containing sucrose or fructofuranosides similar to fructose and glucose is hydrolyzed and treated with a calcium base (eg calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium sugar complexes. Slowly The precipitate is slurried in water and then purified with phosphoric acid to release a high-purity fructose solution (e.g., calcium-fructose complex de-complexing), precipitated by deposition of useful calcium phosphate salts (e.g., at pH / 5). 5 to 9). Phosphoric acid has been shown to have significant advantages over carbonic acid or carbon dioxide as a fructose-releasing agent, for example, with better efficiencies and more useful by-products. Solid fructose can be obtained from a known method from fructose solution. What happens in the process of producing phosphoric acid? Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid. If pure, it is solid at room temperature and pressure. The most common source of phosphoric acid is an 85% aqueous solution that is colorless and non-volatile but acidic enough to be corrosive. Due to the high percentage of phosphoric acid in this reagent, at least some orthophosphoric acid is concentrated in polyphosphoric acids. Dilute solutions of phosphoric acid are present in the orthoform. Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) can be produced by thermal or wet process. However, most phosphoric acid is produced by the wet process method. Wet process phosphoric acid is used to produce fertilizer. The thermal process of phosphoric acid is commonly used to make high-grade chemicals that require much higher purity. Phosphoric acid production The wet process produces a significant amount of acidic cooling water with high concentrations of phosphorus and fluoride. This excess water collects in cooling ponds, which are used to temporarily store excess precipitation for subsequent evaporation and allow the process water to re-circulate to the plant for reuse. In the wet process, phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid (H) with naturally occurring phosphate rock. The dried phosphate rock is crushed and then continuously enters the reactor with sulfuric acid. This reaction is a combination of calcium from phosphate rock and sulfate and causes the formation of calcium sulfate and gypsum which is separated from the reaction solution by filtration. Some facilities usually use a hydrated process that produces gypsum in the form of calcium sulfate with two molecules of water and calcium sulfate dihydrate. They may use a co-hydrate process that produces calcium sulfate at the equivalent of half a molecule of water per molecule of calcium sulfate. They may use a co-hydrate process that produces calcium sulfate at the equivalent of half a molecule of water per molecule of calcium sulfate. The one-step hydrate process has the advantage of producing a wet process phosphoric acid with a higher concentration of phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5) and less impurities than the hydrate process.

In order to make the strongest phosphoric acid and reduce evaporation costs, 93% (v / v) sulfuric acid is typically used. During the reaction, gypsum crystals precipitate and are separated from the acid by filtration. Isolated crystals should be thoroughly washed to at least 99% (v / v) Recover filtered phosphoric acid. After washing, the gypsum slurry is pumped for storage in a gypsum pool. Water is siphoned and recycled through the wave cooling pool and the phosphoric acid process. Wet process phosphoric acid typically contains 26% -30% (w / w) phosphorus pentoxide, and in most cases, the acid must be further concentrated to meet the phosphate nutrient profile for fertilizer production. Depending on the type of fertilizer produced,

In the thermal process, the raw materials are phosphoric acid, yellow phosphorus and water (yellow water). This process consists of three main stages: combustion, hydration and temperature reduction. In the combustion phase, the liquid phosphorus in the ambient air is burned (oxidized) in the combustion chamber at 1650-2760 ° C (3000-5000 ° F) to form phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus pentoxide is then hydrated with dilute phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) or water to produce a strong phosphoric acid liquid. The last step is the purification step, which is applied to remove phosphoric acid dust from the combustion gas stream before release into the atmosphere, which is usually done using high pressure drop demisters. As always, release into the atmosphere occurs only if the cleaned product is a clean, non-polluting stream. The concentration of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) produced by the thermal process typically varies from 75% to 85% (v / v). This concentration is required for the production of high-grade chemicals and other non-fertilizer products. Efficient plants recover approximately 99.9% (w / w) of phosphorus burned as a phosphoric acid product. In the production of phosphoric acid, the flora released from reactors and evaporators is usually recovered as a marketable by-product.

The reaction of phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide is a balanced reaction.

An equation in which the number of atoms of all molecules on both sides of the equation is equal is known as a balanced chemical equation. The law of mass survival governs the equilibrium of a chemical equation.

According to this law, mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, and according to this law, the mass of all elements or molecules on the reacting side must be equal to the total mass of elements or molecules on the product side. If the chemical equation is not balanced, the law of survival does not apply.

The post Reaction of phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

Belgian phosphoric acid

Belgian phosphoric acid is one of the highest quality and best types of phosphoric acid. Belgium is one of the active and specialized countries in the field of production of high quality phosphoric acid. In this country, environmental assessment of phosphoric acid production is performed. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) can be produced by 3 main commercial methods: wet process, thermal process and dry furnace process. Wet process is by far the most common route and can be used in the production of phosphate fertilizers (DAP, MAP, SPA). Belgian-based companies with more than a century of industrial experience are one of the world leaders in phosphate creativity. These companies produce pure phosphoric acids, phosphate salts and fluorine products at sites in Belgium, France and the United States and serve global customers. Wet processes for the production of phosphoric acid and related equipment (eg related filters) are marketed and produce more than 50% of the world’s Sale of Belgian phosphoric acid 85% this is a Unspoken Phosphoric Acid.

Belgian phosphoric acid production

In Belgium, the phosphate industry has been an important industrial activity since about 1920. It is located mainly in Flanders, northern Belgium, and produces mainly Production of Belgian phosphoric acid, manure and beef. Between 1980 and 1990, it processed between 1.5 and 2.0 ml of phosphate rock of different origins per year. In total, more than 60 tons of ore were used, containing about 72 TBq 226Ra and 3.5 TBq 232Th. Three different processing methods at the six large production sites produced 50 tons of phosphogypsum and 2.7 tons of calcium fluoride sludge, all of which are mainly stored in large reserves.Phosphoric acid is produced using the wet dihydrate process, also called the Central Prayon process. Both grades of fertilizer phosphoric acid and purified grades are evaluated. The characteristics of this power plant are highlighted and the process improvement in terms of energy and facilities over the years is determined as a small environmental benefit. On-site implementation of two sulfuric acid production facilities and their energy integration will reduce the impact of climate change by 80%.

manufacturing

In 2015, world production of phosphoric acid was about 83 million tons and increased by 20 million tons in the last 10 years.The largest producers of phosphoric acid in the world include China (35 million tons), the United States (14 million tons), Morocco (8.5 million tons), Russia (5 million tons), India (3 million tons), the European Union (2 million And 500,000 tons), Saudi Arabia (2 million tons) and Brazil (2 million tons). Other smaller producers of phosphoric acid include Jordan, Tunisia and Israel.

Exports of 85% Belgian phosphoric acid in 2020

The value of phosphoric acid exports to Belgium in 2020 was a total of $ 223 million.

Commodity groups of diphosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acids account for 0.075% of total Belgian exports (total exports from Belgium in 2020 amounted to $ 296 billion). Commodity group 2809 share of total Belgian exports increased.

0.005% compared to 2019 (0.069% in 2019 and cumulative exports from Belgium amounted to 311 billion dollars).

Of these exports, France with a share of 27% (US $ 21 million), the Netherlands with a share of 26% (US $ 60 million), Germany with a share of 9.34% (US $ 20 million), the United Kingdom with a share of 6.8% ( US $ 19.2 million), US $ 83 per share. 6. (US $ 15.3 million), Ireland with a share of 6.57% (US $ 15.1 million), Italy with a share of 3.53% (US $ 7.92 million), Brazil with a share of 1.5% (US $ 3.5 million), Denmark with a share of 1.2% (US $ 2.68 million) and Turkey with a share of 1.12% (US $ 2.51 million).

Read more about Belgian 85% phosphoric acid.

What is Phosphoric Acid 85 (dietary grade)? Food quality Belgian 85% phosphoric acid is commonly used to control and regulate the pH of a variety of foods and beverages. Food grade phosphoric acid is used as a flavoring additive to acidify food and beverages. For example, the strong taste of carbonated beverages, such as cola, is made from phosphoric acid. This chemical is on the surface of food and should not be misinterpreted as a dangerous acid. If used and properly combined with phosphoric acid with food grade 85, it is safe for consumption in the food industry. Food grade 85 phosphoric acid has a pH level below 1, which means that grade 85 phosphoric acid must be distributed by licensed professionals, and everyone who comes in contact with the chemical must wear appropriate clothing and safety equipment.

Phosphoric acid production in the European Union

The European Union produced about 5.5 million tonnes of phosphoric acid, mostly in Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Belgium and Bulgaria. Although the EU exported the minimum amount of phosphoric acid, it is the largest importer, importing 1.5 million MT in 2015 (mainly from Morocco and Israel). The main importers of the European Union were France, the Netherlands, Spain and Belgium. The union consumes about 3.8 million tonnes of phosphoric acid, mainly in countries that produce or import it, such as Lithuania, Poland, Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Bulgaria. These are the countries that produce phosphate fertilizers in the European Union.

Application of phosphoric acid Belgian 85%

Polyphosphoric acids are useful as reagents in the chemical industry:

Organic synthesis

Polyphosphoric acid Belgian can be used as a reagent to close rings in reactions such as acetylation, alkylation, production of amines, acid amides, cyclic ketones, cyclic olefins or oxygen and sulfur.

Catalysts

Polyphosphoric acid can be used in the manufacture of specially supported catalysts, for example for use in the production of benzene.

Metal surface purification

Polyphosphoric acid can be used to descale and lighten metal surfaces.

Drying agent

Polyphosphoric acid is suitable for drying gas streams.

Phosphate esters

Polyphosphoric acid can be used to produce phosphate esters with high monoester content. The acid reacts directly with the appropriate alcohol to produce the acid phosphate ester. Phosphorus base polyols Phosphorus base polyols Phosphorus can be prepared by reacting polyphosphoric acid with polyhydroxy compounds, such as glycerol or sorbitols, as well as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide derivatives.

Phosphoric acid quality

In order for phosphoric acid Belgian to be suitable for the production of concentrated fertilizers, the level of acid impurities must be relatively low. Due to the solubility of some impurities, this is often impossible to achieve in phosphoric acid operations. To improve the acid quality, it is necessary to remove the depleted acid by aging and cooling the acid in the solid / liquid separation equipment. By clarifying, it greatly increases the amount of sedimentation and removal of impurities in the acid, and acid of sufficient quality is produced to produce world-class fertilizers.

The post Sale of Belgian phosphoric acid 85% appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

The most diverse phosphoric acid for agriculture

Phosphorus fertilizer is very concentrated and contains 100% of plant nutrients in PersianUtab. Free of chloride, sodium and other harmful elements for plants. Phosphoric acid is widely marketed as a fungicide or fertilizer or sometimes as a biological stimulant. It has many strengths. This acid is suitable for feeding greenhouse crops, open field crops and fruit trees.

What is Phosphoric (H3PO4)?

Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) is a mineral acid and a phosphate derivative. It is used in a wide range of applications, including plant fertilizers, where it forms the “P” in the NPK rating. Note that phosphoric acid is caustic at high concentrations. In addition to its application in fertilizers, food grade phosphoric acid can be used to lower the pH of a nutrient solution or soil. Used as a rust cleaner in metal appliances. Phosphoric acid can also be used as a food additive, to sanitize food preparation areas and commercial machinery, and to be used in medicine and during dental work. Stronger forms are used as a stainless steel and in many other industrial processes.

Maximum performance of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

All plants need a proper balance of minerals and nutrients to grow. Phosphate is one of these substances and is generally present in all fertilizers, whether organic or synthetic. In general, this is done with phosphoric acid, which is a phosphate derivative. Phosphoric acid is not directly absorbed by plants. It must change first. After soil application, the acid is converted to hydrogen phosphate by chemical and biological agents. It is also converted to dihydrogen phosphate, which can also be used by plants. It should be noted that there are many primary sources of phosphorus and phosphoric acid. Animal manure contains phosphate, but does not produce new substances. It simply transfers phosphate from one area to another (after fertilizer application). But by adding acid to animal bones, new phosphate can be made as phosphoric acid. The same process is used with phosphorous rock, which has become the main source of phosphorus in commercial fertilizers. The acid is applied to the rock after extraction and crushing, so phosphoric acid is formed that can be used in a variety of ways.

Benefits of Phosphoric Acid Fertilizer

Phosphorus fertilizer is very concentrated.

It is composed of 100% plant nutrients.

Free of chloride, sodium and other harmful elements for plants.

No insoluble matter.

Ideal for the production of food solutions.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in soil and plants

Without phosphorus Unspoken Phosphoric Acid, plant growth is delayed. Plants have short roots and are slow and spindle. Symptoms of deficiency also include dull grayish green leaves and red pigment at the base of the leaves and dying leaves. Phosphorus deficiency is difficult to diagnose and it is too late to do anything until it is diagnosed. If plants are deprived of phosphorus, after a while, its presence in the plant is no longer effective and the plant is destroyed. When moisture is distributed, phosphorus accumulates on the soil surface and is easily available to plants. However, if the surface soil dries out, it becomes less accessible to plants.

The post The most diverse phosphoric acid for agriculture appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

What is Phosphoric Acid?

Phosphoric acid, also known as phosphoric acid (V) or orthophosphoric acid It is also called trihydroxide phosphorus and is one of the most popular and used acids. In this way, the raw form of this acid is extracted from phosphate rocks. While more pure form of white phosphorus is produced industrially. Phosphoric acid is made from the mineral phosphorus, which is found naturally in the body. It works with calcium to build strong bones and teeth. It also helps support kidney function and how the body uses and stores energy. Phosphorus helps your muscles heal after a hard workout. This mineral plays a major role in the growth of the body and even the genetic codes of living organisms are needed to produce DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is first converted to phosphorus pentoxide during the chemical production process. It is then re-treated to phosphoric acid. Pure phosphoric acid is usually crystalline solid and concentrated. In general, this liquid is syrupy and colorless, odorless and non-volatile. It is a mineral acid with the formula H 3 PO 4 and contains one phosphorus atom, four oxygen atoms and three hydrogen atoms. A central phosphorus atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a quadrilateral, and this unit, known as the phosphate ion, has minus three times. To complete the molecule, protons or H + ions are attached to three oxygen atoms. Phosphoric acid esters are especially important in biochemistry. This acid is a tri-proteic acid that exists in the form of a dense liquid. It is commonly observed in chemical laboratories as an 85% aqueous solution. Phosphoric acid is easily added to the list of ten chemicals produced in the industry year by year.

Unspoken applications of phosphoric acid

Fuel cell

Phosphoric acid is a unique inorganic acid electrolyte that is generally used to make fuel cells at 200 ° C. Polymers for a sustainable environment and green energy Phosphoric acid is three-functional and has the ability to bind cellulose, which leads to the production of insoluble products with unknown structure.

Lead acid batteries

Phosphoric acid and various phosphate compounds have been used since 1900 as additives for lead acid batteries. Phosphates have been shown to improve battery performance since then. Recovery and recycling of resources from metallurgical waste Phosphoric acid esters, for example, tributyl phosphate, are used to separate nuclear fuel elements, uranium, zirconium and hafnium, and rare earth elements.

Important applications of phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid used in food and drink

Phosphoric acid is often used as a food additive. This acid acts as a regulator of acidity in foods such as jams, cereal bars, processed meats, cheese, etc. In the beverage industry, phosphoric acid is used as the acid substance. This substance is added to non-alcoholic beverages to create a sharper and milder taste and to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria in sweet formulas. In other words, it helps cola companies increase the durability of their products and increase their profitability.

Phosphoric acid used in personal care

Phosphoric acid is essential in the production of a wide range of personal care products. Some of these include cleansing products, bath products, fragrances, hair and color care products, nail products, makeup and other skin care products. On the other hand, phosphoric acid is also used to control the pH level of these products.

Phosphoric acid used in agriculture

Approximately 80% of the phosphoric acid produced is used in fertilizer production. Phosphoric acid is also used as an additive and flavoring in livestock or poultry feed.

Phosphoric acid used in pharmacy

This acid is mostly used as an intermediate in pharmacy. One of the main fields is the use of phosphoric acid in dentistry. It is used as an etching solution and is usually used to clean teeth. Other uses for phosphoric acid include teeth whitening or mouthwash. Phosphoric acid is also commonly used in anti-nausea medications.

Phosphoric acid used to remove rust

Among the various types of acids, phosphoric acid is commonly used to remove rust from metals such as iron, steel, and so on. It usually reacts with rust when used and converts reddish brown iron to normally ferric oxide (iron oxide). To a black compound that is now ferric phosphate. This substance ferric phosphate is easily eliminated.

Other applications

There are a few other uses for this Unspoken Phosphoric Acid. Phosphoric acid is used as an electrolyte in fuel cells or in oxyhydrogen generators. Phosphoric acid is also used to make synthetic detergents and to purify water and metals. It is also used to remove mineral deposits, cement stains and hard water stains in the construction industry. It can act as a chemical oxidant to produce activated carbon products. Used as a catalyst in the hydration of alkenes to produce alcohols, mainly ethanol. This functional material can be found as a buffer material in biology and chemistry. Dispersion agent is used in detergents and leather treatment. It plays an important role in the preparation of albumin derivatives. This is an important raw material used in the preparation of disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and monohydrogen phosphate. These are some of the popular uses of this substance.

Phosphoric acid production

Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) can be produced by thermal or wet process. However, 95% of the global demand for Unspoken Phosphoric Acid is produced by the wet process. Wet process phosphoric acid is used to produce fertilizer. The thermal process of phosphoric acid is commonly used to make high-grade chemicals that require much higher purity. Phosphoric acid production The wet process produces a significant amount of acidic cooling water with high concentrations of phosphorus and fluoride. This excess water collects in cooling ponds, which are used to temporarily store excess precipitation for subsequent evaporation and allow the process water to circulate back to the plant for reuse. In the wet process, phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) with naturally occurring phosphate rock. It irritates or corrodes the skin, eyes and other mucous membranes of humans and laboratory animals. However, its salts show significantly lower irritability potential. When ingested, it is moderately toxic. Phosphoric acid is neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic. Pure phosphoric acid has excellent thermal stability and high proton conductivity. Not to mention phosphoric acid, its market in the world can also be mentioned. The phosphoric acid market is increasingly driven by its evolutionary role as a food additive in a variety of processed food products. Thus, the growing demand for preservative food products, especially in the beverage industry, is stimulating the market. This inorganic chemical is used to acidify cola drinks. Pure phosphoric acid is an important food additive in food sauces, mayonnaise and fruit juices. Sodium and potassium phosphate salts act as food preservatives. Phosphates in processed foods can not only preserve and improvise the structure, color, taste and other sensory properties of food, but also improve the performance of cooked foods by achieving the desired dough. Asia and Oceania are the largest markets for this substance. Food grade phosphoric acid and phosphate have benefited greatly from the rapid development of the food processing industry in countries such as China, India and other developing countries. The Chinese government also estimates that China’s annual demand for high-grade phosphoric acid may reach more than 200,000 tons in the coming years. Most manufacturers are constantly expanding production capabilities to meet the growing demand for food grade phosphoric acid. Factors such as high production rates and low labor rates have led developing countries to account for a large share of the phosphoric acid food market in the region.

The post Unspoken Phosphoric Acid appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

Phosphoric acid in the fire protection of some surfaces

Phosphorus is used to prevent fires and extinguish fires.Many phosphoric acid-containing materials are used to fire some surfaces as flame retardants, such as textiles, plastics, coatings, paper, seals, and building materials. This list includes inorganic and insoluble materials.Phosphoric acid is present in a wide range of fire retardant products.Ammonium polyphosphates are used to protect steel and buildings.Components, penetration coatings and sealants, household fire extinguishers often contain ammonium phosphate and orthophosphate.Phosphoric acid-based flame retardants also control the internal decomposition of plastics.The flammable volatile polyphosphoric acid, which eventually forms when heated, helps to produce a layer of charcoal that acts as a physical barrier to the formation of gases and the release of heat, which results in less volatile reaction products.In Australia and other parts of the world, fires often occur under the influence of strong dry winds that quickly get out of control. These fires destroy both housing and natural resources.Under these conditions, phosphorus-based chemicals are often used this is a Applications Phosphoric acid.

Phosphorus is an important flame retardant

Fire retardants are materials that, when mixed with or coated with easily combustible raw materials (such as plastic, rubber, wood, fabric, or paper), cause the material to burn, causing it to burn. They prevent the flame from spreading.Phosphorus is an important factor in creating effective flame retardants. Mainly due to its chemical flexibility, it can quench the flame in both dense and gaseous phases, as an additive or as a fully reactive component.Phosphoric acid-based flame retardants act mostly in the solid phase of burning polymeric materials and cause the polymer to burn, thus inhibiting the heat-decomposition process required to feed the flames. Flammable flame retardants form a stable foam layer that acts as a barrier between the flame and combustible materials. In addition to adding to plastics, these materials are also available as a protective paint for wooden buildings or metal structures.

Phosphorus flame retardants can be used as reactive systems (chemical bonding to polymers) and additives, as well as having a wide range of applications due to their good fire retardant performance. Phosphates are widely used in IT equipment containers. Phosphoric acid is used to fire some surfaces such as cars and buildings. Phosphinates are options for bromite flame retardants in engineering plastics, including polyesters, polyamides, and elastomers, primarily for electrical applications. In addition, phosphorus compounds are often used in combination with other flame retardants, including nitrogen-containing compounds, nano-fillers, and metal hydroxides.Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are used as alternatives to halogen flame retardants and often have synergistic effects with nitrogen-containing compounds.

Features of red phosphorus fire retardants

Red phosphorus is a highly combustible hazardous substance that is used to a significant degree for competitions. But when a small amount of red phosphorus is mixed with a flammable resin, the resin is less likely to burn.

The post Phosphoric acid in the fire protection of some surfaces appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

Phosphoric acid in soap and non-soap cleaners

Phosphoric acid in soap making

Soaps are usually made from glyceride oils and fats, and dark-colored soaps are needed unless there is a very high quality oil or fat in them.When soap is made from such dark dyes, the dyes are transferred into the soap and darken its color. This is undesirable, because white soap or light-colored soap is more popular with consumers. For this reason, this art has developed countless processes, the aim of which is to produce oil-based soaps from dark soaps.One of these processes involves the hydrolysis or separation of oils and glyceride fats and the distillation of fatty acids to separate them from the dye. Soap is made from fatty acids. This process does not require extensive equipment, high temperatures and pressures for splitting, large vacuums for distillation, and other non-economically viable requirements.The odor of the products and the decomposition caused by the high temperatures used are often transmitted to the soap.A common method is to bleach oil or grease with soil bleach, especially an active bleach soil. The use of such soil imposes a severe bleaching effect, but the amount of bleach that can be done with a reasonable amount of soil is often not the desired amount, especially in cases where the soap is very dark. In general, it is not practical to use more than 5% to 6% of the soil in such a bleach due to the cost and loss of soil adsorbed reservoirs with the dye.A wide range of chemicals are suggested as bleaching agents for oils and fats, including various oxidizing agents, reducing agents, halogen compounds, acids and so on.The industry relies primarily on earth bleach this is a Applications Phosphoric acid.

Soap oil or fat with a combination of phosphoric acid and an oxygen-releasing compound, preferably of any kind, performs an initial treatment, followed by oil or fat, ordinary soil bleach, and then soap. It turns and the soap turns white with a reducing agent. Due to the dark inventory that is used as a raw material, a significant bleaching action can be performed and unexpected light-colored soaps can be produced.Apparently using a combination of an oxygen-releasing compound and a combination of phosphoric acid not only performs an unexpected bleaching action on the oil or fat, but also compares the oil or fat in a unique condition compared to the performance of these substances separately. The person leaves.The oil or fat to be bleached is stimulated by a small amount of commercial grade phosphoric acid and a small amount of hydrogen peroxide solution. When the fat mixture and these factors are stimulated, the temperature rises slightly and the mixing continues at this temperature for the desired time.Following this, ventilation and sludge are released. The liquid is then washed with hot water (1 to 10%) to remove phosphoric acid, pigments, and flocculants with unreacted hydrogen peroxide. Washing water and water-soluble materials become a lower layer and can be removed. Further rinsing with 5 to 50% warm water may be done to remove phosphoric acid and its compounds. Accurate alkaline neutralization may be performed in conjunction with water rinsing at any stage.

The washed oil may be dried according to the usual processes and then bleached with more complete soil or bleaching soil in the usual way. This involves mixing the stock with about 2 to 6 percent of the soil and stirring the mixture at high temperature.This operation and its changes in the industry are well known.The bleached material is then transferred to a soap making machine, where it is processed to make boiled soap in the usual way, that is, it is soaped with the required amount of caustic and washed to remove glycerin, then soap. According to a known technique, such as sodium hydrosulfite or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is bleached with a small amount (0.01 to .5%) of a reducing agent. Soap is then produced in various forms.Phosphoric acid is commercially available and relatively inexpensive. Commercial orthophosphoric acid is available in concentrations of 70 to 85% and may be easily used. Water and impurities that make up the balance of such commercial acids are not harmful to the work process. Any other phosphoric acid compound may be used, such as pyrophosphoric acid and acidic salts of phosphoric acids such as potassium or sodium dihydrogen phosphate or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, and pentavalent and organic phosphoric acid compounds.

Phosphoric acid in non-soap cleaners

Chinese cleaner

It is a safe and steam-free product for removing lime deposits, uric acid stains, rust, greasy soap scum and other organic stains.

Boiler cleaning solution

Concentrating solutions, based on phosphoric acid, are used in commercial washing machines, steam cleaners, boilers, or wherever lime and calcium deposits may accumulate.

Quick cleanser of phosphoric acid

It is used for concrete, granite, non-polished natural stone, grout, tile, brick, ceramic, porcelain and masonry surfaces.Cleaning casting surfaces including precast concrete, natural non-polished surfaces including flared and crushed granite, crushed and edged marble, slate, mine tiles, flaming and edged limestone, ceramic tiles without Glaze, porcelain tile, cement slurry, brick, concrete, mortar and masonry are used.So phosphoric acid can be used safely in soap and non-soap cleaners.

The post Phosphoric acid in soap and non-soap cleaners appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.

Phosphoric acid in scaling surfaces and cleaning metals

Advances in cleaning metal surfaces and protecting them from rust, especially those in ferrous metals, include new cleaning solutions containing phosphoric acid as an anti-corrosion agent and anti-corrosion agents and oil sulfonation products. Which facilitates the function of phosphoric acid. On metal surfacesAqueous phosphoric acid has the properties of rust solution, scale and other mineral deposits present on the surfaces of metal materials, this material is excellent for cleaning metals.Phosphoric acid with the chemical formula H3PO4 is often used to acidify foods and beverages such as colas. Provides a sour taste. Phosphoric acid is sometimes used at concentrations of 2% and 50 ° C for 4-6 hours to deactivate steel pipes. It is not as effective as HCl in removing iron oxide scale, but is preferred for cleaning stainless steels.

Use phosphoric acid to remove rust by direct use on rusted iron, steel tools or other surfaces.Phosphoric acid alters reddish brown iron oxide.Several programs of phosphoric acid may be needed to remove all rust.Phosphoric acid is used to treat biodiesel by-products. After methanol extraction, the use of phosphoric acid allows the separation of glycerin and soaps. If done correctly, it can produce 90% pure glycerin. It may also be used as a stainless steel and inhibitor. Wet with a concentration of 25-50% with diluted water and rusty metal parts. Over time, the rust disappears and phosphoric acid reacts with the metal to form a rust barrier on the metal. Be sure to use gloves to do this.Phosphoric acid cleaner is used to remove rust from all metal areas (including aluminum), corrosion or potentially to prevent rust and corrosion, (before using the paint primer) this is a Applications Phosphoric acid.

How to use phosphoric acid to clean metals

The metal surface must be clean and free of dirt, loose rust and foreign matter. If the target metal roof substrate is severely Thoroughly mix the diluted phosphoric acid cleanser. Moisten the area to clean it with water. Use phosphoric acid cleaner using suitable spray equipment. Allow the phosphoric acid cleanser to work for 30 minutes and then rinse thoroughly with water. If rust still persists, repeat if necessary.In industry, heat exchangers can be cleaned by circulating a transducer cleaning fluid. Heat exchangers should be cleaned at regular intervals.

If this converter works with hard water, it is recommended to install a heat exchanger with additional connections at the back for plumbing to facilitate maintenance. The choice of cleaning solution depends on the problem, but a weak acid is a good start. This can be 5% phosphoric acid or 5% oxalic acid if the converter is cleaned regularly. The cleaning fluid must be pumped through the converter.

Phosphoric acid in scaling surfaces

Phosphoric acid works well on most types of bath stains. In commercial products, phosphoric acid is found in bathtub cleaners, tiles, sinks and toilet bowls.It has a formula that cleans and disinfects. To kill many of the dangerous bacteria in the toilet bowl.The 25% phosphoric acid formula easily removes mineral deposits from toilets without damaging the plumbing.

The post Phosphoric acid in scaling surfaces and cleaning metals appeared first on پرشین یوتاب.