Phosphoric acid in dentistry and orthodontics strengthens the bond and forms an acid resistant area in the enamel.Phosphoric acid has the chemical formula H3PO4 and is used as an additive in carbonated beverages.A colorless or solid crystalline liquid is clear. Pure solid material melts at 42.35 ° C and has a density of 1.834 g / cubic centimeter. In the liquid state, the aqueous solution is usually 85%. Transported in solid and liquid form. Corrosive to metals and tissues.This mineral is in the group of acids. Phosphoric acid is also used in the production of fertilizers, soaps and non-soap cleaners, water purifiers, animal feed and medicine. Phosphoric acid is weak and can not be dangerous under normal and short-term conditions.Wet and thermal process is produced by 2 commercial methods. Wet process phosphoric acid is used in fertilizer production.Acid has a much higher purity and is used in the production of high-grade chemicals. Thermal trend The demand for phosphoric acid has increased by approximately 2.3 to 2.5% per capita.The molecule has a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a quadrilateral, and this unit, known as the phosphate ion, has minus three times. To complete the molecule, protons or H + ions are attached to three oxygen atoms.
Phosphoric acid was first introduced by Buonocore in 1955 and used by Newman in 1965, the main acid of tooth enamel this is a Applications Phosphoric acid.
Enamel surface chemical treatment is a method used to obtain increased adhesion of dental materials to tooth surfaces. One of the most widely used air conditioning solutions before direct connection of orthodontic joints is 50% phosphoric acid solution. The use of 50% phosphoric acid solution as a conditioner before using the epoxy adhesive formulation is supported. The bond strength of the epoxy adhesive system to enamel surfaces can only be improved with 50% phosphoric acid and does not improve significantly at any other concentration. Additional use of phosphoric acid etch to facilitate enamel dissolution is recommended.Clinical significance: The use of 37% phosphoric acid for orthodontic attachment results in high bonding. However, it causes the enamel to be destroyed during etching and bonding. SEPs not only provide sufficient bond strength to the more conservative etching pattern, but also allow for simple separation, thus reducing enamel damage.
In modern times, fluoride has become widely available through drinking water, detergents and food due to its widespread use to control tooth decay.However, excessive consumption or ingestion of fluoride during tooth growth leads to dental fluorosis, which is the loss of minerals in tooth enamel. Clinically, dental fluorosis causes varying degrees of discoloration of the innate tooth, depending on the dose, duration, and age of the individual when exposed to excessive fluoride.Various treatments and managements such as whitening, composite restorations, veneers, crowns or a combination of two methods to correct the effects of dental fluorosis have been proposed. The use of these methods depends on the severity of dental fluorosis. Meanwhile, cosmetic veneers are more suitable for use in patients.In addition, non-metallic veneer cosmetic restorations are preferred for patients due to their lower toxicity and lower risk of allergic reactions compared to alloys. However, like orthodontic brackets attached to fluorotic teeth, clinical porcelain veneers attached to fluorotic teeth are more likely to fail due to loose attachment. Different concentrations of phosphoric acid can be used for fluorotic enamel etching and their effects on micro-tensile bond strength and failure state can be investigated. The concentration of phosphoric acid used for etching significantly affects the bond strength of teeth with all levels of fluorosis.Tooth surface etching, also called conditioning, is performed using 38% phosphoric acid. The use of acid in dental etching has the added benefit of killing bacteria in pits and crevices. This acid is available in liquid and gel form. If gel is used, it is important to use a gel product that is specifically designed for pit and sealant sealants. Other gels may be too sticky and not seep properly into the pits and crevices. The etching time for deciduous and permanent teeth is approximately 20 seconds.