We get acquainted with citric acid and its chemical properties. Citric acid with the molecular formula C 6 H 8 O 7 is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at high temperatures. This compound is a tribasic acid and forms a set of mono-, di-, and tri-salts and esters. It is found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits. Lemons and lemons are especially high in acid. It can make up to about 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 grams per liter in fruit juices). The concentration of citric acid in citrus is from 0.005 mol / L for oranges and grapefruits up to 0.30 mol / L. Within species, these values vary depending on the cultivar and growing conditions of the fruit.
Solid white crystalline appearance
Boiling point
175 ° C
Density
1,665 g / cm
melting point
153 ° C
Molly mass
192.124 g / mol
Solubility
73 g per 100 ml
Its synonyms
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy pantantioic acid-3-carboxylic acid, hydrogen citrate, citric acid
Citric acid is one of the chemical compounds involved in the physiological oxidation of fats, proteins and carbohydrates to CO2 and water. Citric acid is an acid and antioxidant that is produced by fermenting sugar molds and extracting it from lemon juice, lime juice and canned pineapple residue. Anhydrous and monohydrate. The anhydrous form is crystallized in hot solutions and the monohydrate form is crystallized from cold solutions (below 36.5 ° C). Anhydrous citric acid has a solubility of 146 g and citric acid monohydrate has a solubility of 175 g per 100 ml of water. Distilled at 20 ° C. A 1% solution has a pH of 2.3 at 25 ° C. It is a moisturizing acid, strong with a sour taste. It is used as an acidic substance in fruit drinks and carbonated drinks with 0.25-0.40%, in cheese with 3-4% and jelly. Used as an antioxidant in instant potatoes and chips. Prevents corruption by trapping metal ions. Used in combination with antioxidants in the processing of frozen fruits to prevent discoloration. It was used as a chemical inhibitor, especially in developers for the matching process and in silver nitrate solutions used for sensitivity to saline and album papers. This weak organic acid is known as a commodity chemical because more than one million tons are produced annually by industrial-scale fungal fermentation using crude sugar solutions such as molasses and Aspergillus niger strains. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring and chelating agent. Has astringent and antioxidant properties. It can also be used as a product stabilizer, pH regulator and preservative with low sensitivity potential. It is not usually irritating to normal skin, but if it gets on cracked or inflamed skin, it can cause irritation and redness. Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and has a hydroxy substituent in position 2. It is an important metabolite in the path of aerobic organisms. It acts as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and an essential metabolite. It is a conjugated acid of a citrate (1-) and a citrate anion. This substance is also an effective substance in some home cleaning solutions for bathrooms and kitchens. A solution with a concentration of 6% citric acid removes hard water stains from the glass without rubbing. This substance is used in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to deactivate high purity process tubes instead of nitric acid, because nitric acid is dangerous to excrete after use for this purpose, while citric acid is not. Citric acid with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of boiling formulas, both for swallowing (eg powders and tablets) and for personal care (eg bath salts, bath seeds and a good cleansing method). Used on fat). Citric acid is also used as a stop bath in photography. The builder is typically alkaline, so a mild acid neutralizes it and increases the effectiveness of the stop bath compared to plain water this is a Applications of citric acid.
Citric acid and its citrate compounds are widely used in hundreds of applications. China produces about 40 percent of the world’s citric acid supply. In the United States, approximately 65% of citric acid is used in the food and beverage industries. The second largest use of citric acid is in detergents and cleaning products. The ability of citric acid to chelate metals makes it useful as a water softener that can also help with cleaning. Approximately 10% of citric acid production is used in the pharmaceutical industry.